🚨 Breakdowns and Accidents - Action Protocols
🚨 Types of Breakdowns and Accidents
Breakdown or accident - one of the most stressful situations for a dispatcher. It's important to act quickly and in an organized way.
⚠️ Main types of problems:
- Mechanical breakdown: Engine, transmission, or brake failure ($2,000-15,000 repair)
- Tire blowout: Blown tire ($300-800 replacement + towing)
- Electrical issues: Battery or alternator problems ($500-2,000)
- Minor accident: A minor collision with no injuries ($1,000-10,000)
- Major accident: A serious crash with injuries or total loss ($50,000-500,000+)
- Weather damage: Damage from a hurricane, hail, or flooding
📋 Breakdown Protocol
✅ Step by step:
- Get information from the driver: Where? What happened? Are you safe?
- Ensure safety: The driver must pull over to the shoulder and turn on the hazard lights
- Call roadside assistance: Call a roadside service (Comdata, EFS, or local towing)
- Get a repair ETA: How long will it take? Can it be fixed on the spot?
- Notify the customer: Tell the broker about the delay and ask for detention pay
- Find an alternative: If the repair takes a while, find another truck to transload
- Document everything: Photos of the breakdown, receipts, towing invoices
🚑 Accident Protocol
⚠️ CRITICALLY IMPORTANT - first actions:
- Check on their health: "Are you okay? Any injuries?" - If yes, call 911
- Safety: Turn on hazard lights, set out triangles, do not move the truck
- Call the police: ALWAYS call the police for an accident report (even a minor one)
- Do NOT admit fault: The driver should never say "It's my fault"
- Gather information: Photos (all angles, damage, plate numbers), contacts of witnesses
- Notify insurance: Call the insurance company within 24 hours
- Drug test: The driver is REQUIRED to take a post-accident drug test (DOT requirement)
- Notify the customer: Tell the broker about the situation and the status of the load
📞 Emergency Contacts
- Roadside Assistance: Comdata (800-266-3282), EFS (888-824-7378)
- Insurance Company: Your insurer's number (keep it handy!)
- Towing Services: Local towing companies (Google Maps)
- Truck Repair Shops: Freightliner, Peterbilt, Volvo dealerships
- DOT Hotline: 1-888-DOT-SAFT (for reporting serious accidents)
💰 Who pays for the repair?
💡 It depends on the situation:
- Mechanical breakdown: The truck owner (carrier) pays for the repair
- Accident (not your fault): The other party's insurance pays
- Accident (your fault): Your insurance pays (deductible $1,000-5,000)
- Tire blowout: Usually the carrier pays ($300-800)
- Towing: The carrier pays ($200-500 for local, $2-5/mile for long distance)
🚫 What NOT to do
- ❌ Panic: Stay calm and follow the protocol
- ❌ Ignore the driver: Answer calls immediately
- ❌ Fail to notify the customer: The broker needs to know about the problem ASAP
- ❌ Admit fault: Let insurance and the police sort it out
- ❌ Fail to document: Photos and documents are critical for the insurance claim
Case Study: Breakdown mid-route - a fast solution
Situation: A driver calls at 2 AM: "The truck broke down, it won't start. I'm in Kansas, the load has to be in Chicago in 8 hours!"
Problem: Mechanical breakdown, 400 miles to delivery, tight deadline.
Dispatcher's actions:
- Safety (1 minute): "Are you in a safe spot? Turn on your hazard lights"
- Roadside assistance (5 minutes): Called Comdata, requested towing
- Diagnosis (30 minutes): The mechanic arrived - it was the alternator, a 4-6 hour repair
- Plan B (15 minutes): Found a local carrier with an available truck 50 miles away
- Transload (2 hours): Arranged the transfer of the load onto another truck
- Customer notification (5 minutes): Told the broker about a 3-hour delay and requested detention pay
- Delivery (6 hours): The new driver delivered the load 2 hours late
Result:
- Load delivered (2 hours late instead of a total failure)
- The customer was happy with the fast solution
- Collected $150 in detention pay
- Cost: Towing $300 + transfer $400 + repair $800 = $1,500
Quick Check
Question: What MUST you do in the event of an accident?
🚨 Cargo Theft
🚨 The scale of the problem
Cargo theft - a serious problem in the trucking industry. According to the FBI, annual losses exceed $30 billion.
⚠️ Theft statistics:
- Average loss: $200,000-300,000 per incident
- Hot spots: California, Texas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois
- Popular goods: Electronics, pharmaceuticals, food/beverages, clothing
- Typical timing: Weekends and holidays (fewer witnesses)
- Methods: Strategic theft (planned), pilferage (small thefts), hijacking
🛡️ Preventive measures
✅ How to prevent theft:
- 200-mile rule: Don't stop during the first 200 miles after pickup
- Secure parking: Only guarded truck stops and terminals
- GPS tracking: Real-time location monitoring
- Seal verification: Check the seals at every stop
- Communication: Stay in regular contact with the driver every 4-6 hours
- High-value loads: Team drivers for expensive loads ($100K+)
- Background checks: Thorough driver vetting
- Avoid patterns: Vary routes and delivery times
🚨 What to do if a load is stolen
⚠️ Immediate actions:
- Call the police (911): Report the theft immediately
- FBI Cargo Theft Task Force: 1-800-CALL-FBI for high-value cargo
- Notify insurance: Call the insurer within 24 hours
- Notify the broker: Tell the customer about the theft ASAP
- Freeze location: Don't move the truck until the police arrive
- Gather evidence: Photos, video, witnesses
- CargoNet alert: Register the theft in the CargoNet database
💰 Who pays for the stolen load?
💡 It depends on insurance:
- Cargo insurance: Covers the value of the load ($100K-250K coverage)
- Carrier liability: The carrier is responsible for the load up to $100K (by law)
- Broker insurance: Sometimes the broker has additional coverage
- Deductible: Usually $5,000-10,000 (the carrier pays)
- No insurance: The carrier pays the full value of the load!
🔍 Types of theft
- Strategic theft: Organized groups that plan ahead ($200K+ loads)
- Pilferage: Small thefts of part of the load ($1K-10K)
- Hijacking: Stealing the truck with the driver (rare, but dangerous)
- Identity theft: Fraudsters impersonate a carrier and pick up the load
- Fictitious pickup: Forged documents used to collect a load
🚫 What NOT to do
- ❌ Stop within the first 200 miles: The most dangerous window
- ❌ Park in unsecured places: Especially with high-value cargo
- ❌ Ignore suspicious activity: Vehicles following you, strange people
- ❌ Skip checking the seals: Check them at every stop
- ❌ Share information about the load: Don't say what you're hauling or where
Case Study: Preventing the theft of a $250K electronics load
Situation: A high-value electronics load ($250K) from California to Texas. A well-known route for cargo theft.
Dispatcher's preventive measures:
- Team drivers: Hired 2 drivers for non-stop delivery
- GPS tracking: Real-time monitoring every 2 hours
- 200-mile rule: A strict ban on stops during the first 200 miles
- Secure route: Avoided known hot spots (LA area, Houston)
- Communication: Check-in every 4 hours
- Seal verification: Photo of the seal every 6 hours
- Secure parking only: Only guarded truck stops
Incident: On day 3, the driver noticed a suspicious vehicle following the truck for 50 miles.
Actions:
- The driver immediately notified the dispatcher
- The dispatcher called the local police
- A police escort accompanied the truck to a safe location
- The suspicious vehicle disappeared
Quick Check
Question: What is the "200-mile rule" in cargo theft?
⏰ Delays and TONU - Time Management
⏰ What are Detention and TONU?
Detention - the truck being held at loading/unloading beyond the free time (usually 2 hours).
TONU (Truck Ordered Not Used) - the driver arrived, but the load isn't ready or was canceled.
⚠️ The cost of delays:
- Detention pay: $50-75/hour after 2 hours of free time
- TONU compensation: $200-300 for an empty trip
- Lost time: A 4-6 hour delay = 300-400 miles lost
- Lost profit: $150-250 per delay
- Driver frustration: Drivers hate delays
📋 Detention Pay - how to get it
✅ The process for getting detention:
- Document the times: Arrival time, loading start, loading end (photo timestamps)
- Get a signature: The shipper/receiver must sign the BOL with the time
- Take photos: Photo of the BOL, photo of a clock, photo of the truck at the facility
- Notify the broker: Report the delay ASAP (don't wait until the end of the day)
- Send an invoice: A detention invoice with documents within 24 hours
- Follow up: Call the broker every 3 days until it's paid
🚫 TONU - Truck Ordered Not Used
💡 When TONU applies:
- Load not ready: The driver arrived, but the load isn't packed yet
- Load canceled: The shipper canceled the load at the last minute
- Incorrect information: The load doesn't match the description (weight, size)
- Facility closed: The shipper is closed when it should have been open
- Refused by shipper: The shipper refuses to load for some reason
💰 How to get TONU compensation
- Arrive on site: The driver MUST show up at the shipper location
- Check-in: Register with the shipper (get a signature/stamp)
- Document it: Photo of the facility, photo of the check-in, timestamp
- Get written confirmation: The shipper writes "Load not ready" on paper
- Notify the broker: Call immediately: "The load isn't ready, I'm requesting TONU"
- Send an invoice: A TONU invoice of $200-300 with documents
- Escalate if needed: If the broker refuses, threaten a TIA complaint
📞 Communication during delays
✅ What to say to the broker:
- For detention: "The driver has been at loading for 3 hours already. Free time is 2 hours. I'm requesting detention at $50/hour"
- For TONU: "The driver arrived, the load isn't ready. The shipper says it will be ready in 6 hours. I'm requesting a $250 TONU"
- If refused: "The rate confirmation states detention after 2 hours. I'll send the invoice"
- Escalation: "If you don't pay, I'll file a complaint with the TIA and leave a negative review"
🚨 Common problems
- The broker refuses to pay: "The rate con doesn't include detention" - check the document!
- No documents: Without a shipper/receiver signature it's hard to prove
- The driver didn't report it: You found out about the delay 2 days later - too late to claim
- The shipper refuses to sign: Photo timestamps + GPS tracking will help
🚫 What NOT to do
- ❌ Fail to document: Without proof you won't get paid
- ❌ Fail to notify the broker: Report the delay right away, not at the end of the day
- ❌ Settle for a smaller amount: If the rate con says $75/hour - demand $75
- ❌ Fail to send an invoice: Send it within 24 hours
- ❌ Forget about TONU: It's your money, so claim it!
Case Study: Collecting $450 in detention pay for a 6-hour delay
Situation: The driver arrived for loading at 8 AM. The load was supposed to be ready, but the shipper said "It'll be ready in 2 hours."
What the dispatcher did:
- 8:00 AM: The driver checked in and got a shipper signature with the time
- 10:00 AM: Free time was up (2 hours), the load still wasn't ready
- 10:15 AM: The dispatcher called the broker: "The driver has been waiting 2 hours, the load isn't ready. We're starting the detention clock at $75/hour"
- 12:00 PM: The driver photographed a clock, the truck, and the facility
- 2:00 PM: The load was finally ready, they started loading
- 2:30 PM: Loading was complete, the driver got the BOL with the time
- 3:00 PM: The dispatcher sent the detention invoice to the broker
Detention calculation:
- Arrival: 8:00 AM
- Loading complete: 2:30 PM (6.5 hours total)
- Free time: 2 hours
- Detention time: 4.5 hours
- Rate: $75/hour (rounded up to 6 hours)
- Total detention: $450
Quick Check
Question: How much is detention pay usually?
🗺️ Route Planning
🗺️ Route Planning
Effective route planning is critical for profitability and driver satisfaction.
🚫 Load Refusals
🚫 What is a Load Refusal?
Load refusal - a carrier declining a load after confirming it. This is a serious problem that can lead to losing the customer and damaging your reputation.
⚠️ Consequences of refusing a load:
- Losing the customer: The broker won't give you loads anymore (blacklist)
- Negative review: A bad review on DAT, Truckstop, Carrier411
- Penalty: Some brokers charge $500-1,000 for a cancellation
- Reputation: Word spreads fast in the industry
- Broker's losses: The broker loses money finding a replacement
✅ Legitimate reasons for refusing
When you can refuse WITHOUT consequences:
✅ Justified reasons:
- Breakdown: The truck broke down and can't run the load
- Driver unavailable: The driver is sick, had an emergency, or quit
- Weather emergency: Blizzard, hurricane, ice storm (unsafe to drive)
- HOS violation: Not enough hours to deliver on time
- Equipment mismatch: The load requires a reefer, you have a dry van (broker's error)
- Weight overload: The load is heavier than stated on the rate con (DOT violation)
- Unsafe load: The load isn't secured, it's dangerous to haul
- Broker fraud: The broker has no authority, the load is stolen
❌ Illegitimate reasons for refusing
⚠️ Bad reasons (they'll get you blacklisted):
- ❌ "Found a load that pays more": You already confirmed the rate con!
- ❌ "I don't want to go there": You should have checked before confirming
- ❌ "The driver refused": That's your problem, not the broker's
- ❌ "The rate is low": You agreed to that rate!
- ❌ "Changed my mind": Without an objective reason
- ❌ "Forgot about another load": Poor planning
📞 How to properly refuse a load
✅ Refusal protocol:
- Call IMMEDIATELY: The sooner the better (at least 24 hours before pickup)
- Explain the reason: Honestly and in detail: "The truck broke down, alternator failure"
- Offer a solution: "I can find another truck" or "I can take the load tomorrow"
- Apologize: "Sorry for the inconvenience, this is force majeure"
- Document it: An email explaining the reason (for protection)
- Help find a replacement: If possible, suggest another carrier
⏰ Timing is critical
When you refuse:
- 24+ hours before pickup: The broker will find a replacement, minimal consequences
- 12-24 hours before pickup: Harder to find a replacement, but possible
- Less than 12 hours: Very bad, the broker is in a panic
- On pickup day: A disaster! A near-guaranteed blacklist
- After pickup: NEVER! That's abandoning a load (a criminal offense)
💰 Financial consequences
💡 What can happen:
- Cancellation fee: $500-1,000 (if stated in the rate con)
- Dry run fee: $200-300 if the driver already arrived at the pickup
- Broker's losses: The broker may demand compensation for their losses
- Lost future business: Losing $50K-100K+ a year from this broker
🛡️ How to avoid refusals
✅ Preventive measures:
- Check everything BEFORE confirming: Route, timing, equipment, HOS
- Backup plan: Always have a backup driver or truck
- Maintenance: Regular truck service (fewer breakdowns)
- Communication: Constant contact with the driver (you know about problems in advance)
- Realistic planning: Don't overload the driver (HOS violations)
- Weather monitoring: Check the forecast before confirming
📧 Sample email for a refusal
Subject: Load Cancellation - [Load #] - Force Majeure
Body:
Hi [Broker Name],
I regret to inform you that we must cancel load #[number] scheduled for pickup on [date] at [time].
Reason: Our truck experienced a mechanical breakdown (alternator failure) and is currently at the repair shop. The mechanic estimates 24-48 hours for repair.
Solution: We are actively searching for a replacement truck and will update you within 2 hours. Alternatively, we can pick up the load 24 hours later if acceptable.
We sincerely apologize for this inconvenience and understand the impact on your operations. This is a force majeure situation beyond our control.
Please let us know how we can help resolve this situation.
Best regards,
[Your Name]
[Company Name]
🚫 What NOT to do
- ❌ Ignore the broker: Not answering calls/emails is the worst thing you can do
- ❌ Lie about the reason: "The truck broke down" (when you actually took a higher-paying load) - the broker will find out
- ❌ Refuse at the last minute: Without a serious reason
- ❌ Fail to offer a solution: Just "We can't" - help find a way out
- ❌ Be rude: "That's your problem" - you'll burn the bridge forever
Case Study: Refusing a load the right way - preserving the relationship
Situation: The dispatcher confirmed a load for tomorrow (pickup 8 AM). At 6 PM the driver calls: "The truck won't start, the alternator failed. The mechanic says it's a 24-hour repair."
Problem:
- The load is confirmed: The rate con is signed, the broker is counting on us
- Timing: 14 hours before pickup - not much time
- No backup truck: All the other trucks are busy
Dispatcher's actions:
- 6:05 PM - Called the broker: "Hi [Name], we have a force majeure. The truck broke down (alternator), a 24-hour repair. I'm looking for a replacement right now."
- 6:10 PM - Offered solutions: "Option 1: I can find another truck (2 hours to search). Option 2: We can take the load in 24 hours. Which do you prefer?"
- 6:15 PM - The broker chose: "Find another truck, I've got 2 hours"
- 6:20-8:00 PM - Search: Called 5 partners, found an available truck for $100 extra
- 8:05 PM - Confirmation: "Found a replacement! The truck will be at pickup tomorrow at 8 AM. Sorry for the stress."
- 8:10 PM - Email: Sent a message with the explanation and confirmation of the new truck
Quick Check
Question: When can you legitimately refuse a load?
🤝 Conflicts - Resolving Problems with Brokers and Drivers
🤝 Types of conflicts in trucking
Conflicts are inevitable in the trucking industry. It's important to be able to resolve them quickly and professionally.
⚠️ Main types of conflicts:
- With brokers (50%): Payment disputes, rate disagreements, detention claims
- With drivers (40%): Pay issues, home time, load assignments
- With shippers/receivers (10%): Loading delays, damaged cargo, access issues
💰 Conflicts with brokers - Payment Disputes
The most common problem: The broker doesn't pay or pays less than promised.
✅ How to resolve payment disputes:
- Check the documents: Rate confirmation, BOL, POD, invoice - is everything correct?
- Call the broker: "Hi [Name], invoice #[number] hasn't been paid for 45 days. When can I expect payment?"
- Email follow-up: Send a message with copies of all the documents
- Escalate: If they don't respond, call every day and ask for a manager
- TIA complaint: File a complaint with the Transportation Intermediaries Association
- FMCSA complaint: If the broker is breaking the rules - a complaint to FMCSA
- Collections agency: A last resort - send it to a collections agency
📉 Conflicts with brokers - Rate Disagreements
The problem: The broker tries to cut the rate after delivery or doesn't pay detention.
💡 How to protect yourself:
- The rate confirmation is the law: A signed rate con is a legal document
- Document everything: Photos, timestamps, signatures from the shipper/receiver
- Don't settle for less: "The rate con says $2,500, I'm demanding $2,500"
- Detention proof: Photo of the BOL with the arrival/departure time
- Threat of a review: "If you don't pay, I'll leave a negative review on DAT"
🚫 Conflicts with brokers - Load Cancellations
The broker cancels the load at the last minute or after the driver is already en route.
⚠️ Your rights:
- Dry run fee: If the driver arrived at the pickup - demand $200-300
- TONU compensation: If the load is canceled - demand compensation
- Detention pay: If you waited - demand payment for the time
- Document it: Photo of the check-in, timestamps, confirmation from the shipper
👷 Conflicts with drivers - Pay Disputes
The driver claims they were underpaid or that detention/a bonus wasn't accounted for.
✅ The resolution process:
- Listen first: "Tell me what happened, I'll look into it"
- Check records: Settlement, rate con, detention logs, fuel advances
- Explain clearly: "Here's the math: 2,300 miles × $0.55 = $1,265"
- Acknowledge mistakes: If there's an error - admit it and fix it immediately
- Fix immediately: "I'll add it to the next paycheck, you'll get it on Friday"
- Follow up: Call when the payment goes through: "Did you get it? Is it all correct?"
🏠 Conflicts with drivers - Home Time Issues
The driver expected to be home but the dispatcher gives them a new load or holds them up.
💡 How to avoid it:
- Clear policy: "2-3 days home every 2-3 weeks" (in writing)
- Advance planning: Ask a week ahead: "When do you want to go home?"
- Keep promises: If you promised home by Friday - make it happen
- Emergency flexibility: A family problem - let them go immediately
- Route accordingly: Plan loads so the driver gets home on time
🚫 Conflicts with drivers - Load Refusals
The driver refuses to take a load without a legitimate reason.
⚠️ Progressive discipline:
- 1st refusal: Verbal warning (document it)
- 2nd refusal: Written warning (the driver signs)
- 3rd refusal: Final warning or termination
Exceptions: Safety concerns, HOS violations, equipment issues - legitimate reasons
📞 Conflict Resolution Framework
✅ A 5-step process for any conflict:
- Listen actively: Let the person say their piece fully, don't interrupt
- Acknowledge feelings: "I understand you're upset/frustrated"
- Gather facts: Check all the data, documents, and records
- Find a solution together: "How can we solve this? What would be fair?"
- Follow up: Check in a week later that the problem is really resolved
🚨 Escalation - when to escalate a conflict
Sometimes you need to escalate a conflict to the next level:
- With a broker: Dispatcher → Broker manager → TIA complaint → FMCSA complaint → Collections
- With a driver: Verbal warning → Written warning → Suspension → Termination
- With a shipper: Dispatcher → Broker → Shipper manager → Refuse future loads
🚫 What NOT to do during a conflict
- ❌ Ignore the problem: The problem won't disappear on its own, it will only get worse
- ❌ Get emotional: Yelling, threats, insults - professionalism matters more
- ❌ Make promises you can't keep: Don't promise what you can't deliver
- ❌ Take it personally: It's business, not personal
- ❌ Burn bridges: The industry is small, reputation matters
📊 Conflict Prevention
✅ How to avoid conflicts:
- Clear communication: Everything in writing (rate con, emails)
- Set expectations: Clearly explain the rules, policies, and procedures
- Document everything: Photos, timestamps, signatures, emails
- Pay on time: Drivers and brokers value punctuality
- Be honest: Honesty prevents 90% of conflicts
- Build relationships: Good relationships = fewer conflicts
Case Study: Successfully resolving a payment dispute with a broker
Situation: A load was delivered 45 days ago, a $2,500 invoice hasn't been paid. The broker isn't answering calls or emails.
Problem:
- 45 days overdue: The standard payment term is 30 days
- The broker is ignoring us: 5 calls, 3 emails - no response
- Cash flow problem: The $2,500 is needed to pay the driver and fuel
Dispatcher's actions:
- Day 45 - Document check: Rate con, BOL, POD, invoice - everything's correct
- Day 46 - Escalation: Called the broker manager: "Invoice #[number] is 45 days overdue. I demand payment within 48 hours"
- Day 47 - Email with a threat: "If you don't pay within 24 hours, I'll file a TIA complaint and leave a negative review"
- Day 48 - TIA complaint: Filed an official complaint with the TIA (Transportation Intermediaries Association)
- Day 50 - The broker called: "Sorry for the delay, we'll pay today"
- Day 51 - Payment received: The $2,500 was deposited
⚠️ When you DON'T need a TMS:
- ❌ Owner-operator with 1 truck - you can get by with Excel and QuickBooks
- ❌ Very small budget - invest in an ELD and a load board first
- ❌ No time to learn it - a TMS takes 1-2 weeks to master
Rule: A TMS pays for itself at 3+ trucks or 10+ loads a week
Case Study: The TMS paid for itself in 3 weeks
Situation: A company with 8 trucks ran on Excel and QuickBooks. The dispatcher spent 20 hours/week on paperwork.
Problems without a TMS:
- Slow invoicing: Invoices went out 3-5 days after delivery
- Calculation errors: 2-3 errors a week in driver settlements ($200-500 lost)
- Missed charges: They forgot to add detention and lumper fees to invoices
- IFTA nightmare: 8 hours every quarter on manual calculations
Solution: They invested in Axon TMS ($250/month) + training (2 weeks).
Results after a month:
- Time on paperwork: 20 hours → 8 hours/week (saving $300/week)
- Invoicing: Automatic on the day of delivery → paid 5-7 days faster
- Errors: 2-3/week → 0-1/month (saving $800/month)
- IFTA: 8 hours → 30 minutes (automatic calculation)
Quick Check
Question: What should you do if a broker doesn't pay for 45+ days?